If you have been reading about SR9009 and want a single page that covers the useful parts, this is it: definitions, context, how it is studied, and the questions that come up repeatedly.
Updated 2025-10-22. Numbers and descriptions here follow the published literature rather than marketing material.
Because REV-ERB receptors are core clock components, SR9009 has been examined for effects on daily rhythms as well as metabolism. Research has explored whether the compound can shift or reinforce circadian gene expression in tissues such as liver and muscle. Some studies report improved metabolic markers in obese or diabetic mice, while others show context-dependent responses. Questions remain about which effects are direct, which are secondary to timing, and how they might differ across species.
SR9009 is a synthetic small molecule studied as an agonist of REV-ERB nuclear receptors. REV-ERB alpha and REV-ERB beta help regulate circadian rhythms and metabolic gene expression. In laboratory research, SR9009 has been used to probe how these receptors affect skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissue. The compound was identified in academic drug-discovery work and is often described in scientific literature by its chemical name and research code. It is not an approved medicine, and human clinical data remain limited or absent.
SR9009 binds REV-ERB receptors and alters their repressive activity on target genes. This action can change transcription of genes involved in lipid handling, glucose metabolism, and mitochondrial function. In rodent studies, treated animals have shown changes in muscle oxidative capacity and exercise performance, though effects vary by dose, duration, and model. The precise molecular steps connecting receptor binding to whole-body outcomes are still an active area of investigation. Findings in animals do not automatically translate to humans.
REV-ERB proteins typically suppress gene expression by recruiting corepressor complexes to DNA response elements. SR9009 binds these receptors and strengthens that repressive action in cell-based assays. Studies in rodents have reported changes in lipid handling, mitochondrial function, and exercise capacity after treatment. Such findings are often cited as evidence for metabolic effects, but species differences and limited pharmacokinetic data make direct translation to humans uncertain. Researchers continue to examine which effects are robust and which depend on specific experimental conditions.
SR9009 is frequently discussed alongside other REV-ERB ligands, including synthetic agonists and natural heme-related molecules. Its selectivity for REV-ERB over related nuclear receptors has been measured in binding and reporter assays, though off-target activity at higher concentrations is possible. The compound is prohibited in sport by the World Anti-Doping Agency, and it is not approved for any medical use in major jurisdictions. Products sold online may be labeled as research chemicals, and their identity and purity are not guaranteed by regulatory review.
| Property | Value | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Chemical class | Synthetic REV-ERB agonist | Small-molecule nuclear receptor ligand |
| Appearance | Off-white to pale yellow solid | Typical for research-grade powder |
| Solubility class | Soluble in DMSO; low water solubility | Common stock solutions use organic solvent |
| Typical stock solvent | Dimethyl sulfoxide | Used for laboratory assays |
| Common analytical method | HPLC with UV or mass detection | Used for identity and purity checks |
Regulatory status varies by country and intended use. Major drug agencies have not granted marketing authorization for SR9009 as a medicine, and it is not listed as a controlled substance in many jurisdictions. It is often sold as a research chemical, a category that may fall outside pharmaceutical manufacturing rules. Buyers should verify local laws and supplier documentation, including certificates of analysis. The lack of standardized quality controls raises concerns about identity, purity, and actual content in products marketed online.
In laboratory settings, SR9009 is commonly identified by its molecular structure and its interaction with REV-ERB receptors. Vendors may list it under synonyms such as Stenabolic or REV-ERB agonist, but those names do not define purity or identity. Analytical confirmation typically uses high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection or liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. A reference standard is needed to compare retention time and mass spectrum, because the compound can be confused with related research chemicals.
SR9009 is frequently discussed in fitness and research-chemical contexts, yet it has no approved medical indication. Regulatory agencies have not authorized it for human use, and it is not a standard prescription drug. Some sports organizations list it as a prohibited substance because of its potential performance-enhancing properties. Published human data are sparse, so claims about its effects in people often rely on animal models or anecdotal reports. Quality and identity of online materials can vary widely.
SR9009 is a synthetic small molecule studied as a REV-ERB agonist. REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ are nuclear receptors that help regulate circadian rhythms and metabolic gene expression. The compound was identified in academic screening efforts to find synthetic ligands for these receptors. In cell and animal studies, SR9009 alters transcription of genes involved in lipid and glucose metabolism, and it can shift circadian behavior. It is not an approved therapeutic agent.
The museum's collection consists of hundreds of thousands of items intended for daily life on the frontier including more than 4,000 boots and shoes, 247 hats, 235 ax heads, 29 jars of pickles, 328 pocket knives, and one children's doll. All are from 1856 or earlier; most of them were brand-new merchandise heading to general stores on the frontier. The Wall Street Journal called it "an Aladdin's cave of objects from the year 1856".
In 1973, Cold Storage's Pasaraya Malaysia, a joint venture of Cold Storage's subsidiary Supermarkets Malaysia and "Malaysian interests" was responsible for the construction of Jaya Supermarket in Petaling Jaya, set to be completed in April 1974. In 1985, Cold Storage Malaysia opened its first Majik Market store in Bangsar Baru, Kuala Lumpur, It operated under a franchise from Mumford Inc of Atlanta, USA, which complements its existing Jaya Supermarket chain but differ in concept and management. Due to competition from 7-Eleven, whose Malaysian franchise was then operated by the Antah Holdings group, Cold Storage Malaysia phased out Majik Market as part of its streamlining process. Cold Storage Malaysia, along with Peremba, Gaya Timur and Jusco were responsible for the initial version of Jaya Jusco "superstores" in 1985, with three stores in Dayabumi, Taman Tun Dr Ismail and Subang Jaya. In 1987, Cold Storage Malaysia, which had been through a difficult financial phase in the previous three years, had a change in management with some senior executives leaving. In 1992, DFI Retail Group purchased the company, although no major changes were made to the Cold Storage brand. Cold Storage started the Fresh Food Distribution Centre in Singapore in 1999, a composite multi-temperature warehousing for fresh and frozen food distribution. In 2023, DFI Retail Group divested its Malaysian food retailing business (including Cold Storage brand in that country) to Macrovalue Sdn Bhd.
Cu2+Az + e− → Cu+Az The redox potential is 310 mV. The highly interconnected beta-sheet structure of azurin is strongly coupled with its electron-transfer center (the copper-binding side). Considerable experimental evidence exists to suggest that hydrogen bonds play a role in the long-distance electron transfer mechanism of azurin. Taken together, these observations suggest that electrons tunnel through the protein along its polypeptide and hydrogen bonds, making azurin a useful model system for studying long-range, intraprotein electron transfer (LRET).
==== 1990s ==== In June 1992, at the time of its initial public offering, Starbucks (ticker symbol: SBUX) had 140 outlets, with revenue of US$73.5 million, up from US$1.3 million in 1987. The company's market value was US$271 million by this time. The 12% portion of the company that was sold raised around US$25 million for the company, which enabled it to double its number of stores over the next two years. In 1994, Starbucks acquired The Coffee Connection, gaining the rights to use, make, market, and sell the "Frappuccino" beverage. The beverage was introduced under the Starbucks name in 1995. In 1999, Starbucks experimented by opening eateries in the San Francisco Bay Area, under the Circadia restaurant brand. At the same time, Starbucks converted its Seattle Circadia restaurant into a Café Starbucks. The same year, Starbucks acquired Pasqua Coffee—a San Francisco-based retail coffee chain that had almost 60 locations in San Francisco, Los Angeles, and New York City.
Sources: en.wikipedia.org
=== Golimumab === Golimumab is a fully human IgG1 monoclonal antibody that was first approved by the FDA in 2009 to treat rheumatoid arthritis. Since, it has been approved to also treat psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis.
=== Microarrays === Hybridization-based microarrays use the 3'CCA conserved sequence in tRNAs to attach a fluorescent probe. 70-80 nucleotide long probes, covering the length of the tRNA, are then used to bind tRNAs. tRNAs with at least 8 base differences are able to be distinguished with microarrays, but tRNAs with smaller differences bind to the same probe.
He headed the School of Pharmacy at Manchester on two occasions, 1988-1991 and 1998-2001, periods involving the move to clinical pharmacy and moving Pharmacy from the Faculty of Science and Engineering to the Faculty of Medicine, in recognition of the changing professional role of pharmacists from fabricator to health care advisor on medicines. Rowland has trained 90 Ph.D. students and scientists from a variety of disciplines. He also established ongoing annual postgraduate workshops in basic pharmacokinetics with Tomas Tozer (1977), and in advanced methods in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics with Lewis Sheiner (1981). Rowland was president of EUFEPS (European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1996-1999), and a Vice-President of FIP (International Pharmaceutical Federation, 2001-2009).
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=== University technology transfer === Despite the ethical, academic, commercial, and therapeutic controversies surrounding the identity and efficacy of "tethelin" itself (see below), Robertson's (1917) assignment of his tethelin patent to the University of California is universally treated as a landmark precedent event in the development of university technology transfer. In the ensuing years, the emergence of the concept of "intellectual property", driven by the theories and influence of Henri Bergson (the (August 1922) inaugural chairman of the League of Nations Committee on Intellectual Cooperation), made the already complex "paper vs. patent" issue even more fiercely contested, due to the significantly increased number of patents and the number of universities involved, and the extent to which a university's ever-increasing move towards commercialization not only reduced that institution's focus on the production of knowledge, but also privatised the knowledge that its researchers produced (PS.1):
Sources: en.wikipedia.org
SR9009 is a synthetic research compound that acts on REV-ERB nuclear receptors. It is not approved for human use and is sold only as a research chemical. Its effects have been studied mainly in cells and rodents.
It binds REV-ERB alpha and REV-ERB beta and changes the expression of genes tied to metabolism and circadian rhythm. These changes can affect mitochondria and energy use in animal models. The exact chain from receptor binding to physiological outcome is still being mapped.
No reliable human trials show that SR9009 improves athletic performance. Some rodent studies report endurance changes, but these results are not proof of human benefit. Its use in sport is prohibited, and quality and safety data are lacking.
SR9009 is a synthetic research compound that binds and modulates the nuclear receptors REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ. It is used in laboratory studies of circadian biology and metabolism, not as an approved medicine. It is also known by the informal name Stenabolic.